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Rule.pm
# $Id$ package File::Find::Rule; use strict; use File::Spec; use Text::Glob 'glob_to_regex'; use Number::Compare; use Carp qw/croak/; use File::Find (); # we're only wrapping for now our $VERSION = '0.34'; # we'd just inherit from Exporter, but I want the colon sub import { my $pkg = shift; my $to = caller; for my $sym ( qw( find rule ) ) { no strict 'refs'; *{"$to\::$sym"} = \&{$sym}; } for (grep /^:/, @_) { my ($extension) = /^:(.*)/; eval "require File::Find::Rule::$extension"; croak "couldn't bootstrap File::Find::Rule::$extension: $@" if $@; } } =head1 NAME File::Find::Rule - Alternative interface to File::Find =head1 SYNOPSIS use File::Find::Rule; # find all the subdirectories of a given directory my @subdirs = File::Find::Rule->directory->in( $directory ); # find all the .pm files in @INC my @files = File::Find::Rule->file() ->name( '*.pm' ) ->in( @INC ); # as above, but without method chaining my $rule = File::Find::Rule->new; $rule->file; $rule->name( '*.pm' ); my @files = $rule->in( @INC ); =head1 DESCRIPTION File::Find::Rule is a friendlier interface to File::Find. It allows you to build rules which specify the desired files and directories. =cut # the procedural shim *rule = \&find; sub find { my $object = __PACKAGE__->new(); my $not = 0; while (@_) { my $method = shift; my @args; if ($method =~ s/^\!//) { # jinkies, we're really negating this unshift @_, $method; $not = 1; next; } unless (defined prototype $method) { my $args = shift; @args = ref $args eq 'ARRAY' ? @$args : $args; } if ($not) { $not = 0; @args = $object->new->$method(@args); $method = "not"; } my @return = $object->$method(@args); return @return if $method eq 'in'; } $object; } =head1 METHODS =over =item C<new> A constructor. You need not invoke C<new> manually unless you wish to, as each of the rule-making methods will auto-create a suitable object if called as class methods. =cut sub new { my $referent = shift; my $class = ref $referent || $referent; bless { rules => [], subs => {}, iterator => [], extras => {}, maxdepth => undef, mindepth => undef, }, $class; } sub _force_object { my $object = shift; $object = $object->new() unless ref $object; $object; } =back =head2 Matching Rules =over =item C<name( @patterns )> Specifies names that should match. May be globs or regular expressions. $set->name( '*.mp3', '*.ogg' ); # mp3s or oggs $set->name( qr/\.(mp3|ogg)$/ ); # the same as a regex $set->name( 'foo.bar' ); # just things named foo.bar =cut sub _flatten { my @flat; while (@_) { my $item = shift; ref $item eq 'ARRAY' ? push @_, @{ $item } : push @flat, $item; } return @flat; } sub name { my $self = _force_object shift; my @names = map { ref $_ eq "Regexp" ? $_ : glob_to_regex $_ } _flatten( @_ ); push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => 'name', code => join( ' || ', map { "m{$_}" } @names ), args => \@_, }; $self; } =item -X tests Synonyms are provided for each of the -X tests. See L<perlfunc/-X> for details. None of these methods take arguments. Test | Method Test | Method ------|------------- ------|---------------- -r | readable -R | r_readable -w | writeable -W | r_writeable -w | writable -W | r_writable -x | executable -X | r_executable -o | owned -O | r_owned | | -e | exists -f | file -z | empty -d | directory -s | nonempty -l | symlink | -p | fifo -u | setuid -S | socket -g | setgid -b | block -k | sticky -c | character | -t | tty -M | modified | -A | accessed -T | ascii -C | changed -B | binary Though some tests are fairly meaningless as binary flags (C<modified>, C<accessed>, C<changed>), they have been included for completeness. # find nonempty files $rule->file, ->nonempty; =cut use vars qw( %X_tests ); %X_tests = ( -r => readable => -R => r_readable => -w => writeable => -W => r_writeable => -w => writable => -W => r_writable => -x => executable => -X => r_executable => -o => owned => -O => r_owned => -e => exists => -f => file => -z => empty => -d => directory => -s => nonempty => -l => symlink => => -p => fifo => -u => setuid => -S => socket => -g => setgid => -b => block => -k => sticky => -c => character => => -t => tty => -M => modified => -A => accessed => -T => ascii => -C => changed => -B => binary => ); for my $test (keys %X_tests) { my $sub = eval 'sub () { my $self = _force_object shift; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { code => "' . $test . ' \$_", rule => "'.$X_tests{$test}.'", }; $self; } '; no strict 'refs'; *{ $X_tests{$test} } = $sub; } =item stat tests The following C<stat> based methods are provided: C<dev>, C<ino>, C<mode>, C<nlink>, C<uid>, C<gid>, C<rdev>, C<size>, C<atime>, C<mtime>, C<ctime>, C<blksize>, and C<blocks>. See L<perlfunc/stat> for details. Each of these can take a number of targets, which will follow L<Number::Compare> semantics. $rule->size( 7 ); # exactly 7 $rule->size( ">7Ki" ); # larger than 7 * 1024 * 1024 bytes $rule->size( ">=7" ) ->size( "<=90" ); # between 7 and 90, inclusive $rule->size( 7, 9, 42 ); # 7, 9 or 42 =cut use vars qw( @stat_tests ); @stat_tests = qw( dev ino mode nlink uid gid rdev size atime mtime ctime blksize blocks ); { my $i = 0; for my $test (@stat_tests) { my $index = $i++; # to close over my $sub = sub { my $self = _force_object shift; my @tests = map { Number::Compare->parse_to_perl($_) } @_; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => $test, args => \@_, code => 'do { my $val = (stat $_)['.$index.'] || 0;'. join ('||', map { "(\$val $_)" } @tests ).' }', }; $self; }; no strict 'refs'; *$test = $sub; } } =item C<any( @rules )> =item C<or( @rules )> Allows shortcircuiting boolean evaluation as an alternative to the default and-like nature of combined rules. C<any> and C<or> are interchangeable. # find avis, movs, things over 200M and empty files $rule->any( File::Find::Rule->name( '*.avi', '*.mov' ), File::Find::Rule->size( '>200M' ), File::Find::Rule->file->empty, ); =cut sub any { my $self = _force_object shift; # compile all the subrules to code fragments push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => "any", code => '(' . join( ' || ', map '( ' . $_->_compile . ' )', @_ ). ')', args => \@_, }; # merge all the subs hashes of the kids into ourself %{ $self->{subs} } = map { %{ $_->{subs} } } $self, @_; $self; } *or = \&any; =item C<none( @rules )> =item C<not( @rules )> Negates a rule. (The inverse of C<any>.) C<none> and C<not> are interchangeable. # files that aren't 8.3 safe $rule->file ->not( $rule->new->name( qr/^[^.]{1,8}(\.[^.]{0,3})?$/ ) ); =cut sub not { my $self = _force_object shift; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => 'not', args => \@_, code => '(' . join ( ' && ', map { "!(". $_->_compile . ")" } @_ ) . ")", }; # merge all the subs hashes into us %{ $self->{subs} } = map { %{ $_->{subs} } } $self, @_; $self; } *none = \¬ =item C<prune> Traverse no further. This rule always matches. =cut sub prune () { my $self = _force_object shift; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => 'prune', code => '$File::Find::prune = 1' }; $self; } =item C<discard> Don't keep this file. This rule always matches. =cut sub discard () { my $self = _force_object shift; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => 'discard', code => '$discarded = 1', }; $self; } =item C<exec( \&subroutine( $shortname, $path, $fullname ) )> Allows user-defined rules. Your subroutine will be invoked with C<$_> set to the current short name, and with parameters of the name, the path you're in, and the full relative filename. Return a true value if your rule matched. # get things with long names $rules->exec( sub { length > 20 } ); =cut sub exec { my $self = _force_object shift; my $code = shift; push @{ $self->{rules} }, { rule => 'exec', code => $code, }; $self; } =item C<grep( @specifiers )> Opens a file and tests it each line at a time. For each line it evaluates each of the specifiers, stopping at the first successful match. A specifier may be a regular expression or a subroutine. The subroutine will be invoked with the same parameters as an ->exec subroutine. It is possible to provide a set of negative specifiers by enclosing them in anonymous arrays. Should a negative specifier match the iteration is aborted and the clause is failed. For example: $rule->grep( qr/^#!.*\bperl/, [ sub { 1 } ] ); Is a passing clause if the first line of a file looks like a perl shebang line. =cut sub grep { my $self = _force_object shift; my @pattern = map { ref $_ ? ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? map { [ ( ref $_ ? $_ : qr/$_/ ) => 0 ] } @$_ : [ $_ => 1 ] : [ qr/$_/ => 1 ] } @_; $self->exec( sub { local *FILE; open FILE, $_ or return; local ($_, $.); while (<FILE>) { for my $p (@pattern) { my ($rule, $ret) = @$p; return $ret if ref $rule eq 'Regexp' ? /$rule/ : $rule->(@_); } } return; } ); } =item C<maxdepth( $level )> Descend at most C<$level> (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the starting point. May be invoked many times per rule, but only the most recent value is used. =item C<mindepth( $level )> Do not apply any tests at levels less than C<$level> (a non-negative integer). =item C<extras( \%extras )> Specifies extra values to pass through to C<File::File::find> as part of the options hash. For example this allows you to specify following of symlinks like so: my $rule = File::Find::Rule->extras({ follow => 1 }); May be invoked many times per rule, but only the most recent value is used. =cut for my $setter (qw( maxdepth mindepth extras )) { my $sub = sub { my $self = _force_object shift; $self->{$setter} = shift; $self; }; no strict 'refs'; *$setter = $sub; } =item C<relative> Trim the leading portion of any path found =cut sub relative () { my $self = _force_object shift; $self->{relative} = 1; $self; } =item C<canonpath> Normalize paths found using C<File::Spec->canonpath>. This will return paths with a file-seperator that is native to your OS (as determined by L<File::Spec>), instead of the default C</>. For example, this will return C<tmp/foobar> on Unix-ish OSes and C<tmp\foobar> on Win32. =cut sub canonpath () { my $self = _force_object shift; $self->{canonpath} = 1; $self; } =item C<not_*> Negated version of the rule. An effective shortand related to ! in the procedural interface. $foo->not_name('*.pl'); $foo->not( $foo->new->name('*.pl' ) ); =cut sub DESTROY {} sub AUTOLOAD { our $AUTOLOAD; $AUTOLOAD =~ /::not_([^:]*)$/ or croak "Can't locate method $AUTOLOAD"; my $method = $1; my $sub = sub { my $self = _force_object shift; $self->not( $self->new->$method(@_) ); }; { no strict 'refs'; *$AUTOLOAD = $sub; } &$sub; } =back =head2 Query Methods =over =item C<in( @directories )> Evaluates the rule, returns a list of paths to matching files and directories. =cut sub in { my $self = _force_object shift; my @found; my $fragment = $self->_compile; my %subs = %{ $self->{subs} }; warn "relative mode handed multiple paths - that's a bit silly\n" if $self->{relative} && @_ > 1; my $topdir; my $code = 'sub { (my $path = $File::Find::name) =~ s#^(?:\./+)+##; $path = "." if ($path eq ""); # See Debian bug #329377 my @args = ($_, $File::Find::dir, $path); my $maxdepth = $self->{maxdepth}; my $mindepth = $self->{mindepth}; my $relative = $self->{relative}; my $canonpath = $self->{canonpath}; # figure out the relative path and depth my $relpath = $File::Find::name; $relpath =~ s{^\Q$topdir\E/?}{}; my $depth = scalar File::Spec->splitdir($relpath); #print "name: \'$File::Find::name\' "; #print "relpath: \'$relpath\' depth: $depth relative: $relative\n"; defined $maxdepth && $depth >= $maxdepth and $File::Find::prune = 1; defined $mindepth && $depth < $mindepth and return; #print "Testing \'$_\'\n"; my $discarded; return unless ' . $fragment . '; return if $discarded; if ($relative) { if ($relpath ne "") { push @found, $canonpath ? File::Spec->canonpath($relpath) : $relpath; } } else { push @found, $canonpath ? File::Spec->canonpath($path) : $path; } }'; #use Data::Dumper; #print Dumper \%subs; #warn "Compiled sub: '$code'\n"; my $sub = eval "$code" or die "compile error '$code' $@"; for my $path (@_) { # $topdir is used for relative and maxdepth $topdir = $path; # slice off the trailing slash if there is one (the # maxdepth/mindepth code is fussy) $topdir =~ s{/?$}{} unless $topdir eq '/'; $self->_call_find( { %{ $self->{extras} }, wanted => $sub }, $path ); } return @found; } sub _call_find { my $self = shift; File::Find::find( @_ ); } sub _compile { my $self = shift; return '1' unless @{ $self->{rules} }; my $code = join " && ", map { if (ref $_->{code}) { my $key = "$_->{code}"; $self->{subs}{$key} = $_->{code}; "\$subs{'$key'}->(\@args) # $_->{rule}\n"; } else { "( $_->{code} ) # $_->{rule}\n"; } } @{ $self->{rules} }; #warn $code; return $code; } =item C<start( @directories )> Starts a find across the specified directories. Matching items may then be queried using L</match>. This allows you to use a rule as an iterator. my $rule = File::Find::Rule->file->name("*.jpeg")->start( "/web" ); while ( defined ( my $image = $rule->match ) ) { ... } =cut sub start { my $self = _force_object shift; $self->{iterator} = [ $self->in( @_ ) ]; $self; } =item C<match> Returns the next file which matches, false if there are no more. =cut sub match { my $self = _force_object shift; return shift @{ $self->{iterator} }; } 1; __END__ =back =head2 Extensions Extension modules are available from CPAN in the File::Find::Rule namespace. In order to use these extensions either use them directly: use File::Find::Rule::ImageSize; use File::Find::Rule::MMagic; # now your rules can use the clauses supplied by the ImageSize and # MMagic extension or, specify that File::Find::Rule should load them for you: use File::Find::Rule qw( :ImageSize :MMagic ); For notes on implementing your own extensions, consult L<File::Find::Rule::Extending> =head2 Further examples =over =item Finding perl scripts my $finder = File::Find::Rule->or ( File::Find::Rule->name( '*.pl' ), File::Find::Rule->exec( sub { if (open my $fh, $_) { my $shebang = <$fh>; close $fh; return $shebang =~ /^#!.*\bperl/; } return 0; } ), ); Based upon this message http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=7052&cid=10842 =item ignore CVS directories my $rule = File::Find::Rule->new; $rule->or($rule->new ->directory ->name('CVS') ->prune ->discard, $rule->new); Note here the use of a null rule. Null rules match anything they see, so the effect is to match (and discard) directories called 'CVS' or to match anything. =back =head1 TWO FOR THE PRICE OF ONE File::Find::Rule also gives you a procedural interface. This is documented in L<File::Find::Rule::Procedural> =head1 EXPORTS L</find>, L</rule> =head1 TAINT MODE INTERACTION As of 0.32 File::Find::Rule doesn't capture the current working directory in a taint-unsafe manner. File::Find itself still does operations that the taint system will flag as insecure but you can use the L</extras> feature to ask L<File::Find> to internally C<untaint> file paths with a regex like so: my $rule = File::Find::Rule->extras({ untaint => 1 }); Please consult L<File::Find>'s documentation for C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, and C<untaint_skip> for more information. =head1 BUGS The code makes use of the C<our> keyword and as such requires perl version 5.6.0 or newer. Currently it isn't possible to remove a clause from a rule object. If this becomes a significant issue it will be addressed. =head1 AUTHOR Richard Clamp <richardc@unixbeard.net> with input gained from this use.perl discussion: http://use.perl.org/~richardc/journal/6467 Additional proofreading and input provided by Kake, Greg McCarroll, and Andy Lester andy@petdance.com. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 Richard Clamp. All Rights Reserved. This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =head1 SEE ALSO L<File::Find>, L<Text::Glob>, L<Number::Compare>, find(1) If you want to know about the procedural interface, see L<File::Find::Rule::Procedural>, and if you have an idea for a neat extension L<File::Find::Rule::Extending> =cut Implementation notes: $self->rules is an array of hashrefs. it may be a code fragment or a call to a subroutine. Anonymous subroutines are stored in the $self->subs hashref keyed on the stringfied version of the coderef. When one File::Find::Rule object is combined with another, such as in the any and not operations, this entire hash is merged. The _compile method walks the rules element and simply glues the code fragments together so they can be compiled into an anyonymous File::Find match sub for speed [*] There's probably a win to be made with the current model in making stat calls use C<_>. For find( file => size => "> 20M" => size => "< 400M" ); up to 3 stats will happen for each candidate. Adding a priming _ would be a bit blind if the first operation was C< name => 'foo' >, since that can be tested by a single regex. Simply checking what the next type of operation doesn't work since any arbritary exec sub may or may not stat. Potentially worse, they could stat something else like so: # extract from the worlds stupidest make(1) find( exec => sub { my $f = $_; $f =~ s/\.c$/.o/ && !-e $f } ); Maybe the best way is to treat C<_> as invalid after calling an exec, and doc that C<_> will only be meaningful after stat and -X tests if they're wanted in exec blocks.